Understanding Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

Frozen Shoulder, also known as Adhesive Capsulitis, is a condition where the shoulder becomes painful and stiff, leading to reduced movement. It usually develops gradually and can last for months to years. Daily activities like dressing, combing hair, or reaching overhead may become very difficult.

Causes

Thickening and tightening of the capsule around the shoulder joint.
Common after shoulder injury or surgery.
More frequent in people with diabetes or thyroid disorders.
May occur without a clear reason (idiopathic).

Initial Symptoms

Dull or aching pain in the shoulder.
Pain increases at night or while lying on the affected side.
Gradual stiffness making it hard to move the shoulder.
Difficulty with daily tasks like lifting the arm or rotating it.

Stages of Frozen Shoulder

Freezing Stage:
- Severe pain in the shoulder, especially with movement.
- Stiffness starts to increase.
- Lasts for 6 weeks to 9 months.
- What to do: Pain management with medicines, gentle stretching, heat therapy, and avoiding heavy strain.
Frozen Stage:
- Pain decreases, but stiffness remains.
- Movement is very limited.
- Lasts for 4 to 12 months.
- What to do: Focus on physiotherapy, range-of-motion exercises, and continued stretching.
Thawing Stage:
- Gradual improvement in movement.
- Pain reduces significantly.
- Full recovery may take 6 months to 2 years.
- What to do: Continue exercises, maintain activity, and strengthen shoulder muscles.

General Management

Pain relief medicines (as prescribed by a doctor).
Hot packs or warm showers to ease stiffness.
Physiotherapy with guided exercises.
Steroid injections in severe cases.
Surgery is rarely needed, only if other methods fail.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent shoulder pain and stiffness lasting more than a few weeks, or if your daily activities are being affected, consult an orthopedic specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can speed up recovery.